Literature

Scratchboard art, also known as scraperboard art, is a unique form of engraving where an artist uses sharp tools to scratch away a dark layer of ink, revealing a lighter layer underneath. Here's a breakdown:  

The Basics:

It involves scratching into a surface, typically a board coated with black India ink over a layer of white clay.  
By removing the black ink, the artist exposes the white (or sometimes colored) layer beneath, creating the artwork.  
This technique allows for highly detailed and precise artwork.  
Key Characteristics:

High Contrast: Scratchboard art is known for its dramatic contrast between light and dark.  
Fine Detail: The nature of the technique allows for very fine lines and intricate details.  
Textural Effects: Artists can create a variety of textures by using different scratching tools and techniques.  
Tools and Techniques:

Artists use various sharp tools, such as knives, needles, and specialized scratchboard tools, to create different effects.  
Techniques like stippling, cross-hatching, and line work are used to build up tones and create depth.  
Color can be added to the white areas that have been exposed.  
Applications:

Historically, it was used for illustrations in print media.  
Today, it's used for fine art, illustrations, and various other artistic purposes, including detailed animal portraits.  
In essence, scratchboard art is a subtractive process, where the artist removes material to create the image, rather than adding it.